Hardwood trees represent a group of trees that have broad leaves, produce a fruit or nut, are mostly deciduous and go dormant in the winter. This diversity, however, can present a problem for those trying to identify these trees. Well-planned regeneration practices are needed to maintain long-term timber values. Hardwoods are often sensitive to small differences in soil drainage and soil fertility. It is a bit of a mystery as well, growing “knees” from the ground, which many believe help them to … In some cases, thinning may speed up growth of the most desirable trees. Please note: This is not a complete list of all native tree families and species found in Alabama. However, for heavy-seeded species such as oaks, seeds that come into an area shortly after harvest seldom develop into crop trees. Epicormic sprouts are branches that form on tree trunks in response to increased light and temperature after the forest is thinned. And the delicate magnolia trees are easy to spot because of their hairy leaves and showy flowers. Reviews (256) 783-0415 Website. Seedlings commonly become established beneath mature trees before harvest. This publication discusses hardwood timber value and introduces several common management techniques that can be used to improve hardwood timber profits. Before collecting or storing seeds, call a forester or your county Extension office to find out requirements for the specific species you are working with. The Bottomland hardwood forest is a type of deciduous and evergreen hardwood forest found in US broad lowland floodplains along large rivers and lakes. But where do these new trees come from? This key can help you identify 69 of the . Alabama is also home to two conifers that part with tradition and lose their foliage in winter -- the fibrous foliage of the bald cypress and the white striped foliage of the Eastern hemlock. Before carrying out timber cutting in your hardwood forest, contact a professional forester or your county Extension office for help and advice. This means they shed their leaves in the fall and regrow them in the spring. The Alabama Alabama is also home to two conifers that part with tradition and lose their foliage in winter -- the fibrous foliage of the bald cypress and the white striped foliage of the Eastern hemlock. If a forest has the potential for producing a good timber profit, the first step in realizing that profit is a forest inventory to determine: (1) the area of the forest; (2) the volume of standing timber by species, quality, and size categories; and (3) the potential for regenerating the forest with desirable species should you decide to harvest. The buckeye for example, has leaves palmately compound. The value of a species is a function of wood have twice the value of a medium-quality sawlog and characteristics, wood supply, and demand. Sadly, many landowners mistakenly believe that […] Do you accept? However, wood quality is usually less than that of oak, so it may be of less commercial value. The tree is a valuable source for lumber products. The commercially important wood is used for pulpwood, plywood, poles and construction lumber. The value of the forest is then appraised by adding up values for each species, quality, and size category according to prevailing markets. Please review our Privacy Statement for more information. To make distinctions among these trees, you'll need to study the characteristics of the cones, which vary in size and shape. Publications describing BMPs can be obtained through the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (publication ANR-0539, “Best Management Practices for Timber Harvesters”) or through your local Alabama Forestry Commission office. For more information, contact your county Extension office. Cooperative Extension System, high quality sawtimber, veneer, pulp, firewood, wildlife, one of our best species; plant in fertile bottomlands, fertile, moist but well drained, tolerates high pH, good species that should be used more; plant in fertile bottom lands, fertile, moderately well to somewhat poorly drained, large acorns a wildlife favorite, plant in fertile bottomlands, moderately fertile to fertile, well drained, another wildlife favorite; plant on fertile lower slopes, plant on fertile lower slopes; plant in northern half of state, medium quality sawtimber, veneer, pulp, firewood, wildlife, moderately fertile, moderately well drained, plant on uplands; tolerates infertile soils better than oaks listed above, grows almost anywhere; good acorn producer, fertile, poorly drained, tolerates high pH, medium quality sawtimber, veneer, good pulp, grows almost anywhere; does best on fertile stream bottoms, needs fertile site for best growth; plant in northern 2_3 of state, poor to medium quality sawtimber, good pulp, may require cultivation to establish; needs fertile soil, requires cultivation to establish; needs fertile soil, high quality sawtimber, veneer, pulp, firewood, fertile poorly to well drained, tolerates high pH, needs fertile soil; good for wet and/or high pH soils, needs fertile soil with good physical properties to produce good timber, another wetland species; requires swampy to flooded soils year-round, medium quality sawtimber, pulp, firewood, wildlife, little used and seldom planted; capable of growing in shade, high quality sawtimber, firewood, wildlife, good wildlife species; not widely planted for timber, fertile, moderately wellto well drained, tolerates high pH, Posted by: Becky Barlow and Robert H. Jones. Only one other long-needled pine grows in the Heart of Dixie, making the Longleaf easy to identify with its long, twisted needles bunched into groups of three. Longleaf pine is the state tree of Alabama. Unless carefully done, thinning can degrade hardwoods. Alabama is home to quite a few conifers. Alabama Tree Families and Genera. Thus, some method for regeneration should be incorporated into every harvest. Epicormic sprouting can be minimized if the thinning removes (1) only low-vigor trees, leaving behind high-vigor trees that are less likely to sprout and (2) no more than 40 percent of the total wood volume in the forest. In much of the natural longleaf range, this is the typical forest condition following a total harvest if no attempt was made to reforest. Everyone is welcome! In most cases, they are established naturally, either before or after the harvest. The goal of thinning is to remove trees of undesirable quality or species and thereby concentrate more of the total growth in the forest on the remaining better trees. Located in Double Springs, Alabama, Winston Hardwood has grown from a regional supplier of domestic hardwood to an international manufacturer that can distribute hardwood lumber to any part of the world. From sturdy evergreens such as loblolly pine to ... REQUEST TO REMOVE Hardwood Lumber in Alabama (AL… keys. 4. Keys such as this one, which is based on a series of choices be - tween two statements, are called dichotomous keys. Even on good soils, timber value of a hardwood forest is largely dependent on the tree species present. ; 2010. Contrary to popular belief, Alabama’s forests are still dominated by pines. Seedlings can be obtained from a state or private nursery. Tree harvests provide income and afford an opportunity to regenerate new trees at low cost. The presence of high-quality trees is a good indicator. Most people use tree size and growth rate instead of tree age to gauge financial maturity. High-quality oak sawtimber can bring a price premium. This species is found on well-drained sandy soils and on swamp edges in the southeastern Coastal Plain and is intolerant of shade. Depending on the growth rate of the trees, the period between regeneration and final harvest may be 50 to 100 years. You might encounter maples with their toothed, lobed leaves. To determine this potential, you must consider two things: the soil and the species of trees present. This Guide features 20 of the most abundant and most often used Hardwood species. Some leaf types you'll need to know are palmate leaves, those lobed to resemble a hand, or more feathery pinnate leaves. The profitability of hardwood timber management depends on the forest’s capacity for producing high-quality, high-value wood products such as furniture grade sawtimber and veneer. This diversity, however, can present a problem for those trying to identify these trees. This website would like to use cookies to collect information to improve your browsing experience. This list of trees was compiled from the following sources: Monograph 9, Economic Botany of Alabama, Part 2 (1928) by Roland M. Harper; Forest Trees of Alabama Furthermore, the seedlings that do become established may be undesirable species or they may be too small (less than one foot tall) to compete with other vegetation once the mature trees are harvested. A glossy, full-color, 32-page magazine, it is published quarterly with current circulation just less than 14,000. This tree was an important source of turpentine and resin. Oaks are a type of hardwood broken up onto two groups, the red oaks and the white oaks. The Bama soil series was designated as the official state soil of Alabama in 1997. Hardwood Sawtimber *Prices shown are based on per ton stumpage price. Tree (or log) grade is essential in determining the quality and economic value of hardwood trees. The most important step in planting is choosing the right species for the site. This includes trees that can’t be sold for pulpwood, sawtimber, veneer, or other products. Water oak and willow oak are types of red oak. Plant seedlings 10 to 20 feet apart to achieve a density of 100 to 400 trees per acre. Leaves spatula-shaped, 1 to 2 inches wide; wider at the tip (apex) than at the base.……………water oak. This will force sprouts to come from lower on the stump and thus minimize rot problems. The greater the harvest expense per tree, the less the harvester may be willing to pay for the trees. Species and soil can interact to affect value. Some of the most popular species of hardwoods are oak, maple, hickory, walnut, and cherry trees. Copyright Leaf Group Ltd. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. Once hardwoods become mature (older than approximately 65 years of age) fire can once again be used to help promote regeneration of the next hardwood forest. 2to 1 inch wide …………………………………………………………………willow oak 3. Thinking through, or better yet writing out, a management plan is an excellent way to insure maximum benefit from your forest. They cause knots in the sawlog thereby degrading the quality of the wood. High-quality hardwood trees are financially mature somewhere between 50 and 100 years of age. In abandoned crop lands or in forests where natural seedlings and small trees of desired species are not present, the planting of seedlings or seed may be needed. If the needles are in groups of two and three on the same tree, then you could be looking at a slash pine, Virginia pine, shortleaf pine or spruce pine. click to enlarge. Hardwoods at this stage have thin bark that can be damaged by fire. The shelterwood method is much like clearcutting except that partial cuts are used to encourage development of seedlings in the forest understory several years prior to the final harvest. found in Alabama. Red oaks have leaves with small bristles at the lobe ends and leaf tips. Approximately 200 species of hardwoods are native to Alabama, including 28 species of oaks, 8 hickories, and 6 magnolias. Ashes also have oval shaped leaves, but theirs are smooth as opposed to toothed. They include the important commercial tree species of Alabama, plus some flora that are quite limited in their range and use. Sprouts grow very vigorously after harvest and are thus capable of out competing other types of vegetation. Important step in planting is choosing the right species for the trees suited for quality.... Learn which plants thrive in your hardwood forest is a type of hardwood forests for timber in Alabama of! 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