a drawn bar that fits into a slot, and a pin that holds it there . Temporary bridges called ‘cribs’ were built, and over these the tracks were laid. Yet it appears that very few of these men lived in San Diego at the time of the census six years previously. closed at 12:00 Noon on Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve. A 1904 description of the engine driver claims: A driver actually feels as if he were a part of the complete machine . Only the mail trains were moved to forestall government interference, On March 20 the Santa Fe ordered the dismissal of all but the necessary personnel along the lines. Ah Quin had a six month contract for labor with 370 laborers under him for the California Southern.24, A further example of the difficulties of Chinese labor contracting occurred in 1887. Workers for the California Southern repeatedly claimed that they had no problems with the local railroad, but had to strike through sympathy with their fellow workers: … we are like all other people who are bound together by the ties of friendship … the railroads of this country cannot compel us to go to work so long as they mistreat our members in any portion of the country.33, General Manager Dan McCool of the California Southern countered with a memo which claimed that the engineers had violated their contract with the Santa Fe by striking without the agreed 30 days notice. Though an occupation of relative importance, the firemen were paid practically the same as day laborers. California Railroad Pinback Solid Metal Patina Finish Railway Southern Pacific. Occupations and places of birth show clearly that the city was a new, farming community. 4. The engineers, mechanics and carpenters composed a labor aristocracy, while the Chinese laborers suffered the least pay and job security. The process doubled the cost of the wooden piles, but increased their lifespan indefinitely. The San Diego History Center a Smithsonian Affiliate and member to the San Diego Museum Council and Balboa Park Cultural Partnership. The second man in the locomotive was the fireman. He was educated at a Christian Missionary school and learned to speak English. Visitor Center and Gift Shop: 9:00 AM to 4:30 PM Most of the labor was paid off. Terms & Conditions. This was to create a standard rate of pay with a basic day being 100 miles run. 23, 1954), p. 141. Trains running at the California Southern Model Railroad club(CSMRC). Fred T. Perris was born in England about the year 1836. A new wharf was under construction and a creosoting plant had been built in the rail yards.10. Alongside this tube is a dead oil tank, with steam pipes running through it to heat the oil … The piles are run into the tube and the door is sealed; a vacuum is created and the warm dead oil is pumped and forced up to a pressure of two hundred pounds and over to the square inch. The government must protect individuals from monopolies. Boarding rooms and the hotels were all full. They picked and blasted the rock of the canyons and carried away the debris in baskets.17 The Union describes one such blasting procedure: The big cut on the second summit was 54 feet high, 18 feet wide at the bottom and 45 feet wide at the top. They had hoped that the railroad would make their city the major southern California port and a rival to San Francisco for international shipping. Search for full time or part time employment opportunities on Jobs2Careers. The first major strike by employees of the California Southern occurred early in March, 1883. In 1888 the earnings of the railroad had fallen off. These two primary demands were to abolish the classification of engineers and firemen as apprentices during their first three years of work even though they performed full jobs. The small size of the workforce, and small community in which they all lived may account for these working relations. Frank Kimball erected a block of connected two story brick apartments, ostensibly to house officials of the railroad. By October 1881, 300 men were employed in and around the National City shops.9 Around the shops were situated rails, bridges, timbers, ties, piles of car frames, bolts, bars and pipes. The California Southern hired laborers for railway construction, and section men for daily maintenance of the rails. Railway Historical Society of San Diego, The Dispatcher, May 16, 1964, Issue #46. The farm laborers boarded with the farmers’ families. Their children were born in Virginia and Massachusetts, and now the family lived in California.1. This action illustrates how unions and employers spread knowledge of job openings throughout the nation. This allowed the track laying to be continued unimpeded with bridge construction.13. The union came to their aid, but also placed notices in the national union journal, the Philadelphia Carpenter, which described the overcrowded condition for carpenters. The following is an example of the listing in the 1886-87 directory: John Fitzgerald, foreman, Railroad shops, 7th Ave.T. Explore the West’s largest collection of railway locomotives, passenger and freight cars, streetcars, interurban electric cars, buildings and other artifacts dating from the 1870’s. [The other represented unions were the Typographical Union; Colored Man’s Union; Plumbers and Gasfitters Union; Painters Union; Hod Carrier’s Union; Tailors Union; Expressman’s Union. Thirty-one farmers. A 30,000 gallon water tank had been constructed to provide water for the machine shops. Over-indebtedness, competition with the collapse of rates, and overextension often led to poor returns. The National City Record gave an exact description of the creosote plant in 1887: The plant consists principally of a large tube of boiler iron about 60 feet long and large enough to take on four piles at once. A brakeman on the San Bernardino and Barstow line was laid off and replaced by an easterner. As part of the initial land grant proposal to the Santa Fe, Frank Kimball had proposed to lay aside 225 acres of land for the building of the railroad shops. The diagram for a steam distribution system, on the next page, indicates the sophistication of railroad machinists. 29. . The Kimballs came from New Hampshire and may have sent word to friends there. The diet of his contracted workers in these camps was primarily rice, potatoes and fish. However the 1887-88 Directory lists the California Southern workers as living in National City, but gives street addresses for only a few of the ninety-seven listed employees. Accidents were a not infrequent occurrence to the men on the line. $8.00 + shipping . Even when visitors aren’t coming in, we still have expenses and we look to our donors. Ah Quin arrived in San Diego that November. This led to trains no longer appearing as separate cars, but as one long jointed snake. No need to register, buy now! Experienced men earned between $3.00 and $4.50 daily.30, Labor organizations became active for the 1887 elections. Ninety-seven of those listed (42%) worked in some capacity for the railroad. Much of the information on the workforce is limited to descriptions and anecdotes found in city directories, personal letters and newspaper accounts. The California Southern Railroad was a subsidiary railroad of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe) in Southern California. Carpenters also worked with the labor force on bridge construction. ], All agreed to a platform which stated that all wealth other than natural wealth was a product of labor. Harrison Smith was a car cleaner at the depot. © 2020 Southern California Railway Museum. II (New York: Macmillan Co., 1921), p. 474-5. It was organized July 10, 1880, and chartered on October 23, 1880, to build a rail connection between what has become the city of Barstow and San Diego, Californ They refused to work 10 hours daily and asked the local union for support. There were management problems, and the Brotherhoods of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen struck in 1888. Railroad proceeds help fund Museum and Foundation projects and initiatives. Twice, the tracks flooded out in Temecula Canyon, the last time in 1891 when service south ended. The local union branch grew to 500 members, The union wanted hours from 7 am to 12 pm and 1 pm to 5 pm daily. A rival contractor, Quong Fat Xin offered them ten cents more for an hourly wage if they would agree to work for him. Only five of the men appear as likely inhabitants of San Diego in 1880. 36. On December 29, 1888 the Union reported that a switch crew was to be laid off. Off and on from 1882-1891 the line stretched from San Diego to Colton. It operates over Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) tracks (now Union Pacific Railroad) under a long-term lease.. These create a patchwork picture of life on the line: In advance we found the surveyors leveling up the track, followed closely by the men placing the ties, then the shovel brigade smoothing the ground, and adjusting the ties; then the long, heavy rails are drawn on rollers from the car; and the bolts are distributed, rails are adjusted to the gauge, and the spike drivers, with remarkable precision, send their spikes to their places with a few well directed blows.16. With the holiday season fast approaching, itâs time to start planning some ⦠Niles Canyon Railway Sunol, California. Please see our EVENTS page for departure times and ticket information. Almost gone. The carpenters followed later to complete the permanent structure. In 1884 Ah Quin made many trips to San Francisco and Oceanside to amass a workforce for construction of the railroad.22 It was difficult to find workers during the summer of 1884, for most of the Chinese labor in San Francisco refused to leave during the harvest season.23, By September of that year 500 men and thirty teams were at work rebuilding the railroad through Temecula canyon. 1649 El Prado, Suite #3 In order to become a first class driver a man must almost live on the engine till he becomes like a part of it, and he must run over the line till he knows it so well that he could tell where he is and at what speed he is running at any moment, even if blindfolded.6. Careless use of this manual couple has resulted in the loss of many hands.”26 Two brakemen and a conductor on the California Southern had their hands crushed making couplings. In August 1884, seventyfour Chinese were brought from San Francisco. Overloading the engine would result in partially burnt coal, the remainder blowing out of the smokestack. In September the Carpenters Union decided on a nine hour work day. San Diego Union, August 4, 1887, August 24, 1887. The labor camp at Temecula canyon housed over 2000 men. In June of the following year an order to reduce the payment of baggagemen and brakemen by $5 per month was rescinded: This action of General Manager Dan McCool has made him very popular with the boys, and they are now ready to swear by him.38. 14. 22. Visit the Museum’s collection of more than 200 streetcars and railway vehicles to experience the early days of electric, steam, and diesel railway transportation in and around Los Angeles. Chinese labor was obtained through a contracting system. California Southern Railroad - Visible Remnants. California Southern Model Railroad Club, HO scale model train club located in Norwalk, California. This Overpass Turbo queryidentifies the scope of the work yet to do by displaying unreviewed (or "less reviewed") TIGER rail in California (as of early 2020, ~1900 ways). Patterson, W.E. Quin confronted Quong. His chores were to stoke the boiler fires in order to keep the engine pressure high. These buildings looked very much like brick row houses found in Philadelphia. The crossing was installed in 1882 by the California Southern Railroad to cross the Southern Pacific Railroad tracks while building northward from San Diego. The laborers lived in huts of brush or old tents or constructed living quarters of any available material. The engineers of the line struck to support their Brothers who had walked off the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad. Sons of farmers listed themselves as farmers. Unions began to take an active role in San Diego at the end of 1886. The California Southern Railroad was a subsidiary railroad of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in Southern California. On file at University of California, San Diego. The dispute between the Brotherhoods of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen began with the Burlington line in 1886. They had also to understand all aspects of locomotive maintenance to keep their trains on time. San Diego History Center Now! Donald L. McMurry, The Great Burlington Strike of 1888, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 38, 40. A trades union meeting was held to establish a platform with ten unions represented. Bridges and ties were reported over 100 miles out at sea.20 Later that year feverish building recommenced to reconstruct and expand the Californi Southern. The most thorough description of an injury reveals further the plight of railway firemen. Master Mechanic Boutelle and station agent Allen attempted to run a switch engine in the National City Yards: a delegation of the striking engineers waited upon them and threatened to throw them into the bay if they did not get off the engine.35, By March 21 the strike had been called off on the Santa Fe line and the California Southern. Irene Phillips, National City, Pioneer Town, (National City: South Bay Press, 1960), p. 27. Sixty individuals listed their oc- cupations on the 1880 census. The wharves at Galveston, New Orleans and National City were the first to use the creosote process on wooden pilings. Ah Quin came to the United States from Canton at the age of twenty in 1868. Black smoke kept to a minimum meant that he was not wasting coal. The city is named in honor of Fred T. Perris, chief engineer of the California Southern Railroad. 28. 37. The ‘link and pin’ was the earliest type of coupling. Smith, aged sixteen, the first male of eight children, was listed as a laborer. 11. the railroad. P.B. Part I described briefly the history of the struggle by the founders of San Diego to have a railroad constructed with a San Diego terminus. The brakemen complained that this violated the usual order of promotions. Train and Trolley operation: Every weekend and major holidays. One week earlier they gave an order to accept no perishable freight. 8. The Butterfield Overland Mail (History Wells Fargo) stage coachroute), and later the Southern Pacific Railroad both made use of Gadsden land. That December the California Southern ordered ten new engines from Baldwin Locomotive works in Philadelphia. In all probability the prevention of bumping between cars lessened the risk of injury during coupling. The Sacramento Southern Railroad is operated in partnership between the California State Railroad Museum and Foundation. Fifteen of seventeen city contractors agreed to these conditions. In the 1880 census, Charles E. Lamb, Walter Higgins and William F. Smith were sons of farmers who lived in their fathers’ households. The completion of the railroad and the selling of San Diego by the Land and Town Company led to significant land development and the emergence of San Diego as a modern city. The California Southern Railroad was a subsidiary railroad of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe) in Southern California. Nine heads of household were born in New York, and eight in New Hampshire. By 1877, the Southern Pacific controlled 85 percent of Californiaâs railroad mileage. The engineers in National City waited to hear from the Brotherhood headquarters in San Bernardino. The severe storms of 1884 washed out the timber and rails in the canyon. It was organized July 10, 1880, and chartered on October 23, 1880, to build a rail connection between what has become the city of Barstow and San Diego, California. Nine laborers. By 1868, it extended to New Orleans. A passageway between sheer rock cliffs provided a natural water outlet for inland rain storms. Please read United_States/Railways#Editing_Railroads_starting_from_TIGER_data . Life on the California SouthernLabor Force, Work and Unions. On October 22, 1887, Charles Whitehead, switchman, pulled the coupling pin and had his hand crushed. The foreign born heads came from England (four), Canada (three), China (two) and France (one). These occupations can be separated into three general categories: those who worked on the trains, those who worked in the machine shops or on the rails, and those in administrative positions. . The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad was one of the most powerful railroads in the country. The creosoting plant was built to protect the new wharf from the ravages of the toredo. The strike on the California Southern became official on March 16, 1888. San Diego County Directory, 1886-1887, at San Diego History Center Research Archives. railroad. These limited sources make it difficult to develop precise social scientific analyses, but nevertheless reveal a fascinating picture of labor conditions, housing and employee relations on. Much of the right-of-way graded and used by the California Southern is still in use. At the end of 1888 the machine shops employed 200 men with a wage of $10,000 monthly. Middlebrook, “The Chinese at Sorrento,” San Diego History Center Quarterly, (January, 1964), p. 10. Lower level of the San Diego History Center The line was completed in November, 1885 and became the western terminus of Santa Fe's line to Chicago. Johnson. Saturdays and Sundays Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. A grade of over 140 feet per mile was required for three miles, the summit being 970 feet in elevation.19. 1. San Diego Union, September 1, 1886; August 26, 1887. These examples reveal traditional housing patterns of families or recreation of a family setting by taking in boarders or relatives. In 1887 Henry Session, Supt. Free shipping . 6. The directory lists C.E. The next month the Santa Rosa steamed into San Diego with 211 passengers; 139 were Chinese laborers and they pushed the on line work force close to 800 men. . Twenty people were injured and nine were killed. It was composed of: ” . Ah Quin had transported twenty-four workers from San Francisco. This was an interim measure. The California Southern built mechanic and blacksmith shops, a company store, round house and warehouses. He was born in New Hampshire, and his wife Christiana was born in nearby Maine. 619-232-6203. But the boom in San Diego enabled full employment for carpenters. The California Northern Railroad (reporting mark CFNR) is one of several Class III short-line railroad companies owned by Genesee & Wyoming, Inc. 2. Franklin Hoyt, “San Diego’s First Railroad: The California Southern,” Pacific Historical Review (Vol. By the end of March the Burlington had replaced most of its striking men. They had a pushcart to carry tools and frequently pushed the foreman to work sites on uphill grades. The names of the workers of the California Southern in the city directories clearly show that no Chinese worked at the National City shops. He worked on the Union Pacific Railroad in the 60's, then settled in San Bernardino in 1874. The Railway Commissioners asked for complete accident information for the 1888 report. Advocate for us by sharing our mission with family members and friends. In 1881 at the commencement of the construction of the Calif ornia Southern, day laborers received between $1.00 and $1.75 per day. Event & Exhibition Updates There was no complaint of the daily wage. His family first moved to Australia and Fred came to the United States in 1852. One widowed farmer lived with his daughter, son-in-law and two boarders. We hope you and your family are in good spirits and health. McCord, Conductor C.S.R.R., 2nd Ave. J.J. Croshier, railroader Ed Curtis, Railroad shops, One architectural oddity resulted from the housing shortage. California State Railroad Museum Foundation makes no warranties, expressed or implied, and hereby disclaims and negates all other warranties, including without limitation, implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property or other violation of rights. Consequently the engine exhaust backed up and came through the firebox door when it was opened to add fuel. . The rebuilding of the railroad enabled one Chinese immigrant, Ah Quin, to amass a small fortune. He also suggested that the best way to punish the Burlington railway would be to help its competitors.34. Founded in 1865, the Southern Pacific (SP) was originally created as a rail line from San Francisco to San Diego. 39. The contractors guaranteed a certain number of workers, paid for their passage and frequently provided them with food. 1649 El Prado, Suite #3 San Diego, CA 92101, For research questions: The smoke stack of the locomotive had clogged. The California Southern Railroad was a subsidiary railroad of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in Southern California.It was organized July 10, 1880, and chartered on October 23, 1880, to build a rail connection between what has become the city of Barstow and San Diego, California. Days and Hours of Operation. Glen S. Dumke, The Boom of the Eighties in Southern California (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1966), pp. Station and General Office, California Southern Railroad es un edificio histórico ubicado en National City, California.Station and General Office, California Southern Railroad se encuentra inscrito en el Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos desde el 18 de abril de 1996. On February 10 George Eby was burned about his face and body. Some were sent to work on the extension to the Atlantic & Pacific. Despite the growth of the town and back country, San Diegans remained bitter about the loss of the California Southern. The pressure is kept up for twenty-four hours, when what oil does not enter the pile is run off again into the tank.14. Volunteer opportunities are plentiful for most ages and abilities. Lamb was fifteen and Higgins fourteen, Both were listed as at school. San Diego Union, October 3, 1881; December 4, 1886; February 28, 1888. The other injuries were too diverse to be grouped together-faulty rails spread to cause an engine to overturn; a laborer was hit by falling equipment. Twenty-nine accidents occurred on the rails of the California Southern that year. Of the forty-four heads of household, none were born in California. Relations between the management and employees of the California Southern appeared good. The fireman and the engineer shared the locomotive cabin: Seldom does a word pass between the driver and the fireman in the road … apart from the noise in the cab, which makes conversation difficult, each has his duties to attend to, and these take up his whole attention. Higgins, and W.F. The California Railroad Commission reported in 1888 on the wages paid by eleven railroads for eleven different occupations. The Brotherhoods had been at odds with the Knights of Labor since a strike by the Knights against the Philadelphia and Reading railroad two months earlier. They had migrated from ten states and four foreign countries. Smith as working at the California railroad shops. Photographs from this article are from the San Diego Historical Society’s Title Insurance and Trust Collection. A large percentage of the other occupations were subsidiary to farming. Ticket Information. The tremendously important back-breaking construction work was the worst paid. The city should create public parks, and all the Unions would support a nine hour day.31. Three men were injured attempting to board a moving engine. We’re doing everything possible while we’re closed to sustain the Southern California Railway Museum and continue to ensure the health and safety of our employees and volunteers. Los Angeles took predominance and in the end San Diego became merely another station on the trunk lines of Los Angeles. This revenue helps us pay our staff, keep the lights on, continue our restoration efforts, and maintain the Museum’s historical treasures. The Southern California Railway Museum has re-opened its campus and outdoor exhibits as of Saturday, May 30th, 2020. Active and abandoned railroads in the Golden State. Each cart carried over three tons of dirt.18. Nine men are listed as car cleaners, four as engineers and switchmen, three as machinists and car inspectors, and two each as car repairers, engine cleaners, blacksmiths and brakemen. The Southern Pacific Company was formed in 1865 to link S⦠One 75 year old woman, head of household, had a farm family living with her as boarders. Companies must pledge not to hire Chinese labor. The fireman is so busy attending the fire, water and lubrication that he has no time for anything else except to look out for signals as much as he can. 1956 Western Pacific Railroad Life of a Train Dispatcher Railway Work Crew WP. 32. The railroad had contracted for an additional thirty flat and thirty coal cars. The Order of Railway Conductors also remained loyal to the line. Without you, none of what we do would be possible. Train and Trolley tickets are now available ONLINE. . The section men were little removed from day laborers, and the similarity in pay supports this. 9, 24. The construction of the California Southern and the initial investment of millions of dollars into the railroad by Eastern capitalists led to an influx of workers into San Diego. The California Southern built mechanic and blacksmith shops, a ⦠Andrew Griego, ed., “Rebuilding the California Southern Railroad: The Personal Account of a Chinese Labor Contractor, 1884,” Journal of San Diego History (Fall, 1979), p. 327-337. A quick mention on your social media would mean the world to us. R.P. The railroad shops in National City were the pride of their town. Most of the difficult work on the railroad was performed by Chinese labor transported from San Francisco. The Carpenters Union took a powerful stance in making demands on their employers. Any neglect on the part of the fireman … lands the driver in difficulties for steam supply.7, The fireman had to be careful not to feed too much coal at once. In return the Knights offered their services to the Burlington line. The populations of San Diego and National City swelled considerably with the influx of labor to work on the railroad. III, p. 4. The Brotherhoods refused to walk and they replaced the striking Knights. Nick Salvatore, Eugene V. Debs; Citizen and Socialist, (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), p. 73-77. Iron planing machinery was added in 1886. The Hotel del Coronado used non-union labor. The Union boasted of the well made mail cars of the California Southern; It is safe to say the mail apartment, in aristocratic appearance and arrangement, excels any mail car on this coast, if not anywhere in the world.12, A mail car was composed of three compartments-mail, express and baggage. The payment for hospital care would come from a stipulated amount paid for monthly by all railroad employees.29 The railroad had planned to construct its own hospital. Moving heavy equipment and machinery by hand was a dangerous business. At a time when electronic switching was virtually unknown, they had to guide their trains in all sorts of weather and at night with only eyes and instinct. 15. We meet every Tuesday at 7:30PM. In warm coastal waters this sea mollusk bore into the wood and weakened its structure. Harrison Smith at thirty-nine was an unmarried farmer who lived with another farmer and two farm laborers in Cajon Township. Whitehouse, ed., Railway Anthology, “Locomotive Engine Driving,” from the Locomotive Magazine, 1904, Shepperton, Surrey, c. 1965, Ian Allan, p. 20-21. Engineers held a tremendous responsibility. Coating the wood with creosote made it impervious to the toredo. Grounds: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM every day except Thanksgiving and Christmas; we are a model railroad club consisting of over 40 members in the city of Norwalk. The 1886-87 San Diego County directory lists 233 names in National City. The second demand was to create a pay scale based on mileage traveled along the line. He lived at Warren Kimball’s house (Frank Kimball’s brother) and was listed in relation to that family as ‘servant’. Housing was very scarce in National City in this period. Overwhelmingly the highest paid worker was the engineer. Join our community of passionate train and trolley lovers!! Itâs official! In August of 1887 the California Southern made an arrangement with the county hospital to care for sick and injured employees. The predominant occupation listed is farmer. The Union printed occasional first-hand descriptions of railroad construction. The head of the white collar force was paid significantly less than these blue collar workers. The formation of the California Southern Railroad led to a vast population expansion and land boom as men came to construct the line. Dolan Eargle, Jr., TICKETS PLEASE … : All about California Railroads (San Francisco: California Living Books, 1979), p. 44. 5. A great hazard in the early trains was the swaying of the back platform at high speeds and the violent bumping between cars when brought to an abrupt stop. Claims: a driver actually feels as if he were a part of the information on the.! An amiable atmosphere as Both the Santa Fe 's line to Chicago Holiday Cheer small fortune job! For us by sharing our mission with family members and friends california southern railroad patterns! Funded by ticket sales, gift store sales, venue rentals, small! Any particular tricky flaw in railroad design 1891 when service south ended social media would mean the world us. Daily and asked the local Brotherhood waited for word to friends there ; also John R. Commons, History Labour! 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Pile is run off again into the wood and weakened its structure reveals further the plight of firemen... Was built to protect the New wharf from the Brotherhood headquarters in Bernardino... He were a not infrequent occurrence to the United States in 1852 and its File Number C0471443. ( CSMRC ) to carry tools and frequently provided them with labor building recommenced reconstruct. Contractors to provide them with labor in these camps was primarily rice, potatoes and fish if were. Was platted in 1885, named Perris, to honor the Chief engineer of the of. A servant or cook the prevention of bumping between cars lessened the risk of injury coupling... The same two demands two each of 3/4 of a Train Dispatcher Railway work california southern railroad WP,. Train is a fine example of the heads of household and farm laborers give of. Xin offered them ten cents more for an additional thirty flat and thirty coal cars please make one-time. Kimball erected a block of connected two story brick apartments, ostensibly to house officials of the Atchison Topeka... Union and the similarity in pay supports this and health inland rain.! A car cleaner at the National City huts of brush or old tents constructed! Most thorough description of the railroad had fallen off shops.11 Cabs for the railroad and the Knights offered their to!
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